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Background: COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction is an emerging problem with a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Different lines of treatment have been used with varying results. This study aimed to assess the potential therapeutic effect of PRP in the treatment of post-COVID olfactory dysfunction. This work aimed to assess the potential therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in treating post-COVID-19 parosmia. A pilot study was conducted on 60 patients with post-COVID parosmia without responding to a 3-month course of olfactory training, topical corticosteroids, omega-three, vitamin B12, and zinc supplementation. The patients were distributed randomly and equally among 2 groups. The case group was subjected to three PRP injections in the olfactory cleft at 3 weeks intervals. The control group continued the pre-study treatment protocol for 6 weeks. The degree of parosmia was assessed before and after treatment subjectively using a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. Reaching 0-1 on the visual analog scale was a complete improvement. The primary outcome was assessing the post-treatment score for parosmia 1 month after the third injection in the case group. The second outcome was the comparison between both groups regarding the degree of improvement 1 month after cessation of treatment. Result(s): There was a highly significant improvement in VAS for parosmia (p < 0.00001) in the case group and a significant improvement in VAS for parosmia in the control group (p = P = 0.00148). There was a significant difference between both groups regarding the degree of improvement favoring the case group (p = 0.002). Conclusion(s): Platelet-rich plasma injection in the olfactory cleft offers a therapeutic option for treating patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory parosmia who failed to respond to traditional conservative treatment.Copyright © 2022, The Author(s).
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This paper is aimed on examining and testing the effect of mobile banking services on customer spending behavior and the changes caused by this influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in The Kingdom of Bahrain. In this study, the online banking services is the independent variable, where customer spending behavior is the dependent variable, COVID-19 pandemic is the moderator variable of the study. The study is focused on examining and testing the impact of the online banking services toward the consumer spending and saving behavior on making decision either to buy or save. The data will be collected in a primary form where the questionnaire survey method will be adopted to gather responses from bank consumers in the Kingdom of Bahrain and will be analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) tool by using the built-in functions such as regression, mediation, scale, correlation, coefficient, significant, and moderation analysis. The results of the study will show the acceptance and rejection of the hypotheses of the study. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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The current study is focused on Job crafting is a phenomenon that is spread widely all across the globe in different occupations including childcare educators, special education teachers and political advocacy employees. The job crafting process provides the employees with a major role of redesigning their jobs in such a way within certain limits that they can work satisfactorily while happily getting engaged in their jobsx. Job crafting is always done by the employees to feel comfortable in the environment and pays more attention to their job. Job crafting within certain limits can be done in three different ways. The Covid-19 epidemic has affected countries throughout the world, exposing hundreds of millions of people and claiming many lives. Governments in several nations have implemented lockdown measures, one of which is a Working from Home (WFH) policy, in which employees are not required to report to work every day. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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The importance of research and review of the advantages of physical exercise for humans and the importance of sports and the extent of its impact on the lives of individuals in various aspects. Bahrain Economic Vision 2030 consider sport is one of the most important factors to increase immunity in the human body, and that sport is important to confront COVID-19 and all diseases, so there are positives to the need to adhere to sports practices. Literature Review shows Public sector support for sport and physical activity unleash promote wellbeing and health, pursue positive social goals and promoting genders equality (Giulianotti et al. 2019) and how Physical activities enhance quality of life as exercise are very great for the general health and physical and psychological health of those who exercise regularly. (Shen et al. 2020).The method of the research is systematically literature review the articles related how sport enhancing quality of life, global initiatives regarding sport as social innovation and Bahrain overview about physical activity. In the Conclusion, Sport is one of the main things in a healthy person's life, which maintains public health and prevents diseases. Also, Bahrain 2030 vision improve health system by promoting and encouraging a healthy lifestyle by offering more attractive public spaces and modern facilities to boost sports activities. Finally, For future research academic institutions need to conduct researches about how sport can result outcomes beyond the playing field (Sanders et al. 2017;Camp 2020), what is the role of innovation in sport for development and peace to develop solutions for social challenges (Svensson and Cohen 2020). © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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This article critically analyzes previously published literature and discusses the lessons learned in detail. Learning gleaned from the theories has been used to create a conceptual framework. Using data from the published sources, a null hypothesis is developed to suit the current case. The results highlight the importance of digitalization in education in general and the accounting field in particular. This paper also reveals the impact of COVID-19 on education and addresses the main challenges faced by education and the accounting sector after the pandemic. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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In this paper the Fourth Industrial revolution meaning and history is being discussed and how artificial intelligence (AI) is part of this revolution. The fourth industrial revolution can be divided into 3 clusters digital, biological and physical clusters and each cluster it has its own applications that are connected to AI such as 3d printings, autonomous vehicle, new materials and advanced robotics implemented in this revolution AI has advanced this technology to another level where it started to affect our society in negative or positive way where our ethical value can be put in to consideration. Also, the impact of COVID-19 is discussed accordingly for on the Fourth Industrial Revolution. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Fintech involves advanced technology-based solutions for the customers while not being dependent on the banking system and rather focuses on the other virtual currency options. The emergence of these methods especially cryptocurrencies and blockchains after the financial crisis of 2008–9 is more important for the sustainability and development of a country since Fintech is also an advancement in mediums of money flow. The present research has explored the effect of Fintech on sustainable development (economic, society, and environment) while focusing on the existing literature. The previous literature and theories represent that there is a significant influence of Fintech on sustainable development however, the influence differs in different countries and situations. Based on this, the study has identified that there has been no research on the role of the Covid 19 pandemic among Fintech and sustainable development of Bahrain and suggested quantitative research for the future. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the general field that covers everything related to importing "intelligence” to computer systems in order performing tasks which require human intelligence, this is achieved by using algorithms that can detect patterns, generate insights from the data presented to them, to apply them to future decision-making processes and predictions, Artificial intelligence is a new concept of technological innovation where different technologies, processes and methods have been combined to create alternative solutions which are precise and to the point to enhance the economies as well as the competitive edge of the organization. The implications of the AI technology have been seen in various fields of life including medical automotive as well as financial industries. Financial institutes with crisis face challenges to deal with during to improve it quality and efficiency, so now days the financial services are under strain and challenges due to the wake up of the Covid-19 pandemic, Therefore, many financial institutes shift to implementing AI in its services to enhance it services, satisfy their customer and increase productivity. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Purpose: Academic institutions, for the most part, discontinued face-to-face classes in favor of adopting and deploying online learning modalities that allowed for immediate participation. The pandemic has hastened the pace of implementation as well as the utilization of and reliance on technology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is important for higher education business continuity. Currently, some institutions are utilizing these resources to strengthen their student recruitment and retention efforts. Others use them to make the classroom more accessible or to construct tailored learning programs. Design/methodology/approach: The rapid spread of the deadly COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 has compelled many countries to enact stringent measures to halt the virus's spread. The pandemic has hastened the adoption of online teaching and remote work technology. While a combination of online and face-to-face learning is the way of the future, it will necessitate additional resources to support program development and delivery, as well as increased collaboration between IT and subject matter experts. Findings: This successful technological integration, which includes a smooth transition from face-to-face training to digital e-courses, provides a variety of benefits, including money saved on travel expenses. Top technological developments will continue to enhance company innovation and efficiency while also improving service efficiency. The top strategic technology trends for this year fall into three categories: human centricity, location independence, and resilient delivery, and are expected to be significant for the next five to ten years. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) will need to establish a technological ecosystem that is dependable, cloud-based, data-integrated, and learning-focused to compete successfully in this "new normal.” After the epidemic, when classes resume on campus, a hybrid approach to virtual learning is likely to become the new normal. While it is unlikely that campuses would be totally virtual, they will also be unlikely to be entirely physical. Originality/value: A blend of actual and virtual classrooms, as well as online learning, is the long-term solution, and strategic decisions made now will be critical in preparing for a post-pandemic world. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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This article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial performance, credit risk and capital adequacy of the banks in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with the determinants of the banks' financial performance before and during the pandemic investigated. The data were collected from the Orbis Bank Focus database and banks' annual financial reports, with descriptive statistics, t-tests and multiple regressions employed to analyse the data. The results revealed that the pandemic negatively and significantly affected the financial performance of the banks, increasing the credit risk, but that it had no significant impact on capital adequacy. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the managerial efficiency, the bank's size and the gross domestic product had a significant positive impact on the bank's financial performance in both periods, while in contrast, the credit risk had a negative and significant impact on the banks' financial performance. Finally, the liquidity risk, capital adequacy, inflation and oil prices had no significant impact on the banks' financial performance. The findings of this study are important for the banks in the MENA countries given the uncertain future with the recurrent emergence of global crises. Overall, it is recommended that the banks implement strategies to control the credit risks and thus maintain their profitability during such crises. © 2023 Fortune Institute of International Business.
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As per a recent study conducted by the WHO, 15.4% of all cancers are caused by infectious agents of various categories, and more than 10% of them are attributed to viruses. The emergence of COVID-19 has once again diverted the scientific community's attention toward viral diseases. Some researchers have postulated that SARS-CoV-2 will add its name to the growing list of oncogenic viruses in the long run. However, owing to the complexities in carcinogenesis of viral origin, researchers across the world are struggling to identify the common thread that runs across different oncogenic viruses. Classical pathways of viral oncogenesis have identified oncogenic mediators in oncogenic viruses, but these mediators have been reported to act on diverse cellular and multiple omics pathways. In addition to viral mediators of carcinogenesis, researchers have identified various host factors responsible for viral carcinogenesis. Henceforth owing to viral and host complexities in viral carcinogenesis, a singular mechanistic pathway remains yet to be established; hence there is an urgent need to integrate concepts from system biology, cancer microenvironment, evolutionary perspective, and thermodynamics to understand the role of viruses as drivers of cancer. In the present manuscript, we provide a holistic view of the pathogenic pathways involved in viral oncogenesis with special emphasis on alteration in the tumor microenvironment, genomic alteration, biological entropy, evolutionary selection, and host determinants involved in the pathogenesis of viral tumor genesis. These concepts can provide important insight into viral cancers, which can have an important implication for developing novel, effective, and personalized therapeutic options for treating viral cancers.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Neoplasms , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Oncogenic Viruses , Neoplasms/genetics , Carcinogenesis , Genomics , Tumor MicroenvironmentABSTRACT
Background: Psychological impacts among healthcare professionals have increased significantly due to the increasing number of COVID-19 cases. This study aimed to identify stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 outbreak. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study online survey was conducted for health care professionals during a peak of COVID-19 from March to June 2020 at different healthcare institutions at KSA (n=342). Result(s): 6L[W\ILYH SHUFHQW RI UHVSRQGHUV RIWHQ DQG DOZD\V IHHO IHDUV DERXW LQIHFWion and subsequent effects on themselves, the patient, and the family. 57% of them stated that they felt sometimes depressed mode and 47% anxiety during the outbreak. Eighty-four percent of the respondent always focusing on prevention as the first biosecurity measures such as hand-washing habits and using hand sanitizer, and 38.3% of them make sometimes relax and rest. While half of the responses (50%) sometimes had physical exercise. Also, thirty-eight percent joined sometimes community and/or group online chat groups, and 56.1% always keep contact with family and friends through social messaging or phone calls. Conclusion(s): Understanding this topic is important for healthcare organizations, effective strategies, and programs is needed to provide holistic staff care and wellbeing during outbreaks that focus on the value of mental and emotional support. Copyright © 2021 Medicinska Naklada Zagreb. All rights reserved.
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Humans are facing multiple disruptions caused by the development of the industrial revolution 4.0 and the covid-19 pandemic. This changes the work pattern of the people who are required to carry out all online-based activities, including the implementation of seminars or conferences. The amount of training and socialization carried out by webinars requires a good webinar management system. The purpose of this paper is to develop a web-based information system for webinar activity management under the name webiplan. The method used in system development is the waterfall method. In the waterfall method, there are 5 stages, including requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance. The subjects of this research are prospective end users of the system, namely lecturers and students who are accustomed to participating in webinars. The design and development stages are tailored to the user's needs obtained in the previous phase and are described as product backlog items. At the verification stage, three stages are used to evaluate the feasibility level of the information system, including: unit testing using whitebox testing, validation testing using the blackbox testing method, and compatibility testing. The results of whitebox testing and blackbox testing showed that every feature and user task could run well so as to provide convenience for the organizers and participants in the implementation of the webinar. This Webiplan is also compatible with various web browsers so as to give users flexibility in using it. © 2022 IEEE.
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The research aims to define the need and importance of artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector in general and the medical imaging and radiology procedures in specific. This research is based on numbers and facts taking from other investigations about artificial intelligence in general and the present and studies of the healthcare sector's current Artificial Intelligence (AI) role. To simplify, the chapter will focus on the AI in healthcare facilities and how it can help solve problems and make the best decisions for the organization and public health by reducing human errors and increasing the perfection of discovering some diseases. Moreover, to achieve the medical providers' goals that aim to achieve the quality of care, we are going to talk about applying the AI in the radiology department. It's a role to help the radiologists in better diagnosis and how it could increase the efficiency of the operations by using the database of information gathered by the modern techniques. On the other hand, this article and according to the current global situation will talk about fighting the spread of Coronavirus with the new Medical Imaging technology in general and in Bahrain's society in specific.
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The usability of AI technology has often been underestimated before the spread of COVID-19. AI serves as the most appropriate tool in predicting and controlling the spread of the pandemic. The use of AI technologies such as;Machine Learning, Computer Vision applications, and Natural Language Processing (NLP), which uses big data applications, is critical under the spread of COVID-19. BlueDot is an organization that uses AI technology to track and identify the spread of the virus quicker than any other organization. The usability of deep learning models is another example that helps find the minute details that are often unnoticed through the naked eye. Notably, the model is effective as it provides rapid analysis of many chest X-rays, which is generally time-consuming when done by healthcare experts. Upon the literature reviews, it can be concluded presently, AI plays a landmark role in controlling the spread of the virus. This chapter will elaborate on numerous technologies of artificial intelligence used in the fight of coronavirus COVID-19 in terms of their applications, impact, and future implications.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic period, external auditors have used technological solutions to complete their job tasks due to the lockdown ramifications. Therefore, many external auditors have opted to work remotely. Nevertheless, the abrupt adoption of remote auditing received mixed feedback from those auditors due to different determining factors. Therefore, this article intends to examine these factors in the Jordanian external auditor context. To do so, a model combining the critical factors from the diffusion of innovation model and technology acceptance model has been utilized. The model was tested using data collected from 109 external auditors from public accounting firms working in Jordan. The results expand our understanding of remote auditing adoption decisions, providing empirical support that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trialability are the important determinants to adopt remote auditing systems. Based on these results, further discussion, implications, and recommendations have been provided. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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E-Learning has been introduced in the economy after the revolution of technologies that increased in many sectors and that has become a necessity in the current period of life specially during the COVID-19 pandemic. E-learning is illustrated in using the electronic communication to deliver education between educators and learners which helped institutions and universities to implement innovative features and techniques in order to enhance interactions between students and educators and make it more flexible in time and place for both. In this research paper, we have examined and investigated the implementation of E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and how that has affected the E-learning process, explaining the significance of E-learning and specially in understanding accounting. Furthermore, this research study obtained to one more objective that is identifying some of the major challenges while understanding accounting through E-learning particularly during COVID-19 crisis. This study’s design was to adopt the examination of the implementation of E-learning during COVID-19 on the dependent variable which is understanding and studying accounting. The findings of this research study that the E-learning during COVID-19 has been increased and more consumed by many sectors, resulting from the need of minimizing direct contacts between educators and learners. Besides that, there was found that there might be some various challenges facing E-learning during COVID-19 and specifically in understanding accounting. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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This research aimed to investigate;the extent to which Fintech affects the development of entrepreneurship and;the moderation role of banking institutions in the relationship between Fintech and entrepreneurship development during the Covid-19 pandemic. A detailed literature review of studies was undertaken to provide an academic and theoretical basis from which fieldwork could be carried out, studying impact of Fintech subtitles on entrepreneurship development;Fintech awareness, fintech data security and trust, ease of use of fintech, quality of fintech services and time spent on fintech. Lastly, conclude that the increased usage of information technology boosts enterprises’ capacity to innovate and increase their administrative and marketing processes. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Air pollution is increasingly becoming a main environmental matter in the world. It can impact public health, weather, and climate. Riyadh's air pollution poses significant environmental and health risks. The study aimed to analyze Riyadh's current and future air quality by using AQI. Main six air pollutants are considered, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM), ground level ozone (O3), and carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO). Eleven air quality stations located throughout Riyadh assess the concentration of six standard pollutants daily. A comparison of air quality in Riyadh was done at the local, regional, and international levels. Furthermore, diverse factors such as meteorological seasons, working periods, and the COVID-19 period are taken into account. Industrial emissions, as well as contributions from mobile sources and wind-blown dust, appear to be the principal pollutant sources affecting Riyadh. The measured air quality components for all contaminants were found to be below standard. PM poses the greatest damage to the city's human health of all the pollutants studied. It can be found in practically all locations of air quality stations, even though CO and O3 levels in the city are not at alarming levels.
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Financial Technology (Fintech) is the implementation of the latest technology advancement to enhance financial operations. It is used to automate these operations and make them more simple, improve their productivity and quality and reduce human interactions. Fintech payment is used widely to perform financial transactions electronically through many channels and products. Fintech is used to advance Payments by implementing technology in Credit and Debit Cards, constantly improving mobile and online payments and banking, attaching new features in ATMs, and allowing customers to initialize digital wallets. During the pandemic of Covid-19, there has been an increase in the usage of Fintech payments technologies. In addition, many payment services have been introduced to help with the procedures implemented to reduce the spread of the virus. This literature review concentrates on Fintech payments and focuses on factors affecting the usage of these payments. The factors which will be focused on are Covid-19, Regulations, Customer Experience, and Quality of payments products and services. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.